<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><placename>  <system>China Historical GIS, Harvard University and Fudan University</system>  <license>CC BY-NC 4.0</license>  <uri>https://chgis.hudci.org/tgaz/placename/hvd_96559</uri> <spellings>    <spelling>      <written-form script="traditional Chinese">開州</written-form>      <exonym-lang></exonym-lang>      <attested-by></attested-by>      <note></note>    </spelling>    <spelling>      <written-form script="simplified Chinese">开州</written-form>      <exonym-lang></exonym-lang>      <attested-by></attested-by>      <note></note>    </spelling>    <spelling>      <transcription system="Pinyin">Kai Zhou</transcription>      <exonym-lang></exonym-lang>      <attested-by></attested-by>      <note></note>    </spelling>  </spellings>  <feature-type>    <name>州</name>    <alternate-name>州</alternate-name>    <transcription>zhou</transcription>    <translation lang="en">prefecture</translation>  </feature-type>  <temporal>    <begin>583</begin>    <begin-rule>4</begin-rule>    <end>606</end>    <end-rule>4</end-rule>  </temporal>  <spatial>    <object-type>POINT</object-type>    <xy-type>point</xy-type>    <latitude-direction>N</latitude-direction>    <degrees-latitude>31.35788</degrees-latitude>    <longitude-direction>E</longitude-direction>    <degrees-longitude>108.01160</degrees-longitude>    <geo-source>FROM_FD</geo-source>    <present-location>    </present-location>  </spatial>  <historical-context>    <part-of-relationships>      <part-of parent-id="hvd_113617" from="583" to="606" >        <parent-name>隋</parent-name>        <transcribed-name>Sui</transcribed-name>      </part-of>    </part-of-relationships>    <subordinate-units><br />
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      <subordinate-unit sys-id="" from="" to="" ><br />
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        <transcribed-name></transcribed-name>      </subordinate-unit>    </subordinate-units>  </historical-context>  <data-source>CHGIS</data-source>  <source-note>    <![CDATA[      开州（583-606）
隋开皇三年（583年），废郡，开州辖县西流县、新浦县、万安县、永宁县（开皇十八年改为盛山县）。大业三年（607年）废开州入巴东郡①。
①《太平寰宇记》卷137《山南西道》开州条：“隋开皇三年，又罢周安、万安郡，以万安、永寜二县，废周安郡之西流、新浦二县共四县，属开州。十八年改永寕为盛山县。大业二年废开州。义寕二年于盛山县置万州，仍割巴东郡之新浦，通州郡之万安、西流三县来属”。    ]]>  </source-note>  <source-uri>      </source-uri></placename>