<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><placename>  <system>China Historical GIS, Harvard University and Fudan University</system>  <license>CC BY-NC 4.0</license>  <uri>https://chgis.hudci.org/tgaz/placename/hvd_88406</uri> <spellings>    <spelling>      <written-form script="traditional Chinese">常山縣</written-form>      <exonym-lang></exonym-lang>      <attested-by></attested-by>      <note></note>    </spelling>    <spelling>      <written-form script="simplified Chinese">常山县</written-form>      <exonym-lang></exonym-lang>      <attested-by></attested-by>      <note></note>    </spelling>    <spelling>      <transcription system="Pinyin">Changshan Xian</transcription>      <exonym-lang></exonym-lang>      <attested-by></attested-by>      <note></note>    </spelling>  </spellings>  <feature-type>    <name>县</name>    <alternate-name>縣</alternate-name>    <transcription>xian</transcription>    <translation lang="en">county</translation>  </feature-type>  <temporal>    <begin>578</begin>    <begin-rule>4</begin-rule>    <end>582</end>    <end-rule>4</end-rule>  </temporal>  <spatial>    <object-type>POINT</object-type>    <xy-type>point</xy-type>    <latitude-direction>N</latitude-direction>    <degrees-latitude>38.14011</degrees-latitude>    <longitude-direction>E</longitude-direction>    <degrees-longitude>114.56364</degrees-longitude>    <geo-source>FROM_AC</geo-source>    <present-location>    </present-location>  </spatial>  <historical-context>    <part-of-relationships>      <part-of parent-id="hvd_88359" from="578" to="582" >        <parent-name>常山郡</parent-name>        <transcribed-name>Changshan Jun</transcribed-name>      </part-of>    </part-of-relationships>    <subordinate-units><br />
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        <transcribed-name></transcribed-name>      </subordinate-unit>    </subordinate-units>  </historical-context>  <data-source>CHGIS</data-source>  <source-note>    <![CDATA[      常山县（578-582）
约北周宣政元年（578年）以恒山县改名。⑴治所在今河北正定县治正定镇。⑵为常山郡治。约隋开皇三年（583年）废。⑶

⑴按：据王仲荦《北周地理志》（中华书局，下册，第991页）常山郡治常山县，北齐时为恒山县，当是北周灭北齐后改。因无具体时间，现暂作宣政元年（578年）置恒州改名。
⑵《元和郡县志》卷17《河北道二》：“后魏道武帝登恒山郡城，北望安乐垒，嘉其美名，遂移郡理之，即今州理是也。”（中华书局，上册，第477页）
嘉庆《清一统志》卷27《正定府一》：“正定县……后魏属常山郡。北齐复为郡治。后周兼为恒州治。隋为恒山郡治。唐初复为恒州治。载初元年改曰中山。”（第9册，第2页）
嘉庆《清一统志》卷28《正定府二》：“东垣故城在正定县南。……旧志：东垣城，秦汉以来县皆治此，唐初移于今治。”（第10册，第1页）
按：《元和志》明言北魏武帝时迁治安乐垒，即元和年间的恒州治所。元和年间的恒州治所在真定县，即今正定县驻地，一直未变，北周时的恒州、常山郡及常山县当即今正定县驻地。
⑶按：《隋书》卷30《地理中》（北京，中华书局，第3册，第856页）只言开皇十六年分置常山县，未言及北周之常山县何时废。现暂作开皇三年（583年）废常山郡时一同裁废。    ]]>  </source-note>  <source-uri>      </source-uri></placename>