<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><placename>  <system>China Historical GIS, Harvard University and Fudan University</system>  <license>CC BY-NC 4.0</license>  <uri>https://chgis.hudci.org/tgaz/placename/hvd_88215</uri> <spellings>    <spelling>      <written-form script="traditional Chinese">天津直隸州</written-form>      <exonym-lang></exonym-lang>      <attested-by></attested-by>      <note></note>    </spelling>    <spelling>      <written-form script="simplified Chinese">天津直隶州</written-form>      <exonym-lang></exonym-lang>      <attested-by></attested-by>      <note></note>    </spelling>    <spelling>      <transcription system="Pinyin">Tianjinzhili Z</transcription>      <exonym-lang></exonym-lang>      <attested-by></attested-by>      <note></note>    </spelling>  </spellings>  <feature-type>    <name>直隶州</name>    <alternate-name>直隸州</alternate-name>    <transcription>zhi li zhou</transcription>    <translation lang="en">independent prefecture</translation>  </feature-type>  <temporal>    <begin>1725</begin>    <begin-rule>4</begin-rule>    <end>1725</end>    <end-rule>4</end-rule>  </temporal>  <spatial>    <object-type>POINT</object-type>    <xy-type>point</xy-type>    <latitude-direction>N</latitude-direction>    <degrees-latitude>39.14908</degrees-latitude>    <longitude-direction>E</longitude-direction>    <degrees-longitude>117.15550</degrees-longitude>    <geo-source>FROM_FD</geo-source>    <present-location>    </present-location>  </spatial>  <historical-context>    <part-of-relationships>      <part-of parent-id="hvd_116192" from="1725" to="1725" >        <parent-name>直隶</parent-name>        <transcribed-name>Zhili</transcribed-name>      </part-of>    </part-of-relationships>    <subordinate-units><br />
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        <transcribed-name></transcribed-name>      </subordinate-unit>    </subordinate-units>  </historical-context>  <data-source>CHGIS</data-source>  <source-note>    <![CDATA[      天津直隶州（1725年）
清雍正三年三月乙巳（1725年4月19日）裁天津卫置天津州。⑴治所即今天津市老城区。属河间府。同年九月甲子（11月4日）升为直隶州，治所仍旧，辖武清、青、静海三县。⑵属直隶。雍正四年八月（1726年9月）析武清县还属顺天府，⑶辖境缩小。

⑴《世宗实录》卷30雍正三年三月乙巳：“改天津卫为州，设立知州一员，改卫经历为吏目，教授为学正。……从直隶总督李维钧请也。”（中华书局，《清实录》，第7册，第450页）
一作二年。光绪《清会典事例》卷152《疆理》：“二年，升天津卫为直隶州，领青、静海二县。”（中华书局，第2册，926页）
⑵《世宗实录》卷36雍正三年九月甲子：“升直隶河间府所属天津州为直隶州，管辖武清、青县、静海三县。从长芦盐政御史莽鹄立请也。”（中华书局，《清实录》，第7册，第545页）
⑶光绪《顺天府志》卷三十五。    ]]>  </source-note>  <source-uri>      </source-uri></placename>