<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><placename>  <system>China Historical GIS, Harvard University and Fudan University</system>  <license>CC BY-NC 4.0</license>  <uri>https://chgis.hudci.org/tgaz/placename/hvd_83091</uri> <spellings>    <spelling>      <written-form script="traditional Chinese">上蔡縣</written-form>      <exonym-lang></exonym-lang>      <attested-by></attested-by>      <note></note>    </spelling>    <spelling>      <written-form script="simplified Chinese">上蔡县</written-form>      <exonym-lang></exonym-lang>      <attested-by></attested-by>      <note></note>    </spelling>    <spelling>      <transcription system="Pinyin">Shangcai Xian</transcription>      <exonym-lang></exonym-lang>      <attested-by></attested-by>      <note></note>    </spelling>  </spellings>  <feature-type>    <name>县</name>    <alternate-name>縣</alternate-name>    <transcription>xian</transcription>    <translation lang="en">county</translation>  </feature-type>  <temporal>    <begin>1371</begin>    <begin-rule>4</begin-rule>    <end>1911</end>    <end-rule>6</end-rule>  </temporal>  <spatial>    <object-type>POINT</object-type>    <xy-type>point</xy-type>    <latitude-direction>N</latitude-direction>    <degrees-latitude>33.26724</degrees-latitude>    <longitude-direction>E</longitude-direction>    <degrees-longitude>114.25935</degrees-longitude>    <geo-source>FROM_AC</geo-source>    <present-location>    </present-location>  </spatial>  <historical-context>    <part-of-relationships>      <part-of parent-id="hvd_84007" from="1371" to="1911" >        <parent-name>汝宁府</parent-name>        <transcribed-name>Runing Fu</transcribed-name>      </part-of>    </part-of-relationships>    <subordinate-units><br />
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        <transcribed-name></transcribed-name>      </subordinate-unit>    </subordinate-units>  </historical-context>  <data-source>CHGIS</data-source>  <source-note>    <![CDATA[      上蔡县（1371—1911年）

明洪武四年（1371年），重置上蔡县，属汝宁府，治所在今河南省上蔡县。①
清因之。②

注：
	① 《明史》卷四十二：“汝宁府，元直隶河南江北行省。洪武初，因之。领州二，县十二。距布政司四百六十里。……上蔡，府北，洪武初废，四年五月复置。西有汝水，西南有沙水流合焉。”（北京：中华书局，1974年，第986页）
	② 《清史稿》卷六十二：“上蔡，繁，难。府北七十里。东：蔡冈。西北：北汝自郾城入，西汝、潕水右自西平会澺来注，遂通曰洪河，东南绝蔡河入汝阳，茅河、朱马、马常河从之。其故道自西洪桥右出纳流堰为朱里河，通目之。复纳石洋河，为蔡埠河，其西瀙水即南汝，自遂平入，右合清水河，亦并入汝阳。蔡河，澺支津，《水经注》‘东南流为练沟，至上蔡西冈，北为黄陵陂，于上蔡冈东为蔡塘’者。又东为包河，入项城。北：华陂集，界沟河出，东缘商水界入之。”（北京：中华书局，1977年，第2087页。）    ]]>  </source-note>  <source-uri>      </source-uri></placename>