<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><placename>  <system>China Historical GIS, Harvard University and Fudan University</system>  <license>CC BY-NC 4.0</license>  <uri>https://chgis.hudci.org/tgaz/placename/hvd_71259</uri> <spellings>    <spelling>      <written-form script="traditional Chinese">商州</written-form>      <exonym-lang></exonym-lang>      <attested-by></attested-by>      <note></note>    </spelling>    <spelling>      <written-form script="simplified Chinese">商州</written-form>      <exonym-lang></exonym-lang>      <attested-by></attested-by>      <note></note>    </spelling>    <spelling>      <transcription system="Pinyin">Shang Zhou</transcription>      <exonym-lang></exonym-lang>      <attested-by></attested-by>      <note></note>    </spelling>  </spellings>  <feature-type>    <name>州</name>    <alternate-name>州</alternate-name>    <transcription>zhou</transcription>    <translation lang="en">sub-prefecture</translation>  </feature-type>  <temporal>    <begin>1477</begin>    <begin-rule>4</begin-rule>    <end>1724</end>    <end-rule>4</end-rule>  </temporal>  <spatial>    <object-type>POINT</object-type>    <xy-type>point</xy-type>    <latitude-direction>N</latitude-direction>    <degrees-latitude>33.86989</degrees-latitude>    <longitude-direction>E</longitude-direction>    <degrees-longitude>109.93246</degrees-longitude>    <geo-source>FROM_AC</geo-source>    <present-location><br />
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     </present-location>  </spatial>  <historical-context>    <part-of-relationships>      <part-of parent-id="hvd_113645" from="1477" to="1643" >        <parent-name>明</parent-name>        <transcribed-name>Ming</transcribed-name>      </part-of>    </part-of-relationships>    <subordinate-units><br />
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      <subordinate-unit sys-id="" from="" to="" ><br />
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        <name></name><br />
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        <transcribed-name></transcribed-name>      </subordinate-unit>    </subordinate-units>  </historical-context>  <data-source>CHGIS</data-source>  <source-note>    <![CDATA[      商州（1477—1724）
成化十三年（1477），复升商县为州。领县四：商南、雒南、山阳、镇安。（1）清初袭明制，称商州，属西安府。（2）

注：
（1）、《读史方舆纪要》卷54陕西三西安府下：“后魏太延五年置荆州于此，太和十一年改洛州。后周改为商州。隋初废郡，炀帝又改州为上洛郡。唐复为商州，天宝初亦曰上洛郡，乾元初复故。宋因之。元以州治上洛县省入。明初改州为县，成化十二年复升为州。领县四。今仍曰商州。”（中华书局，5册，第2592—2593页）。
   《明史》卷42志18地理3：“商州 洪武七年五月降为县。成化十三年三月仍为州。西北距府二百二十里。领县四。商南、雒南、山阳、镇安。”（中华书局，1977，4册，第996页）。
    按：《读史方舆纪要》记载明成化十二年商州重新由县升为州，《明史?地理志》对此事件的记载为明成化十三年，遵《明史》。
（2）、牛平汉主编：《清代政区沿革综表》，中国地图出版社，1990年，第436页。    ]]>  </source-note>  <source-uri>      </source-uri></placename>