<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><placename>  <system>China Historical GIS, Harvard University and Fudan University</system>  <license>CC BY-NC 4.0</license>  <uri>https://chgis.hudci.org/tgaz/placename/hvd_70477</uri> <spellings>    <spelling>      <written-form script="traditional Chinese">涼興縣</written-form>      <exonym-lang></exonym-lang>      <attested-by></attested-by>      <note></note>    </spelling>    <spelling>      <written-form script="simplified Chinese">凉兴县</written-form>      <exonym-lang></exonym-lang>      <attested-by></attested-by>      <note></note>    </spelling>    <spelling>      <transcription system="Pinyin">Liangxing Xian</transcription>      <exonym-lang></exonym-lang>      <attested-by></attested-by>      <note></note>    </spelling>  </spellings>  <feature-type>    <name>县</name>    <alternate-name>縣</alternate-name>    <transcription>xian</transcription>    <translation lang="en">county</translation>  </feature-type>  <temporal>    <begin>569</begin>    <begin-rule>2</begin-rule>    <end>584</end>    <end-rule>3</end-rule>  </temporal>  <spatial>    <object-type>POINT</object-type>    <xy-type>point</xy-type>    <latitude-direction>N</latitude-direction>    <degrees-latitude>40.51524</degrees-latitude>    <longitude-direction>E</longitude-direction>    <degrees-longitude>96.02817</degrees-longitude>    <geo-source>FROM_FD</geo-source>    <present-location>    </present-location>  </spatial>  <historical-context>    <part-of-relationships>      <part-of parent-id="hvd_115092" from="569" to="584" >        <parent-name>常乐郡</parent-name>        <transcribed-name>Changle Jun</transcribed-name>      </part-of>    </part-of-relationships>    <subordinate-units><br />
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        <transcribed-name></transcribed-name>      </subordinate-unit>    </subordinate-units>  </historical-context>  <data-source>CHGIS</data-source>  <source-note>    <![CDATA[      凉兴县（569—584年）

后周569年，并涼兴、大至、冥安、闰泉，合为涼兴县，属常乐郡，①治所在今甘肃瓜州县东。②
隋584年，长乐郡废，凉兴县改名常乐县。③ 

注：
① 《隋书》卷二十九?地理上：“常乐，后魏置常乐郡。后周并凉兴、大至、冥安、闰泉，合为凉兴县。开皇初郡废，改县为常乐。有关官。”（北京：中华书局，1973年，第816页。）引者按，后周并县时间不详，姑取后周时段中点569年。
②《中国历史地名辞典》：“凉兴县，十六国北凉置，治所在今甘肃安西县东。”（南昌：江西教育出版社，1989年，第743页。）
③ 《元和郡县图志》卷四十?陇右道下：“晋昌县，……隋开皇四年改为常乐县，属瓜州，武德七年改为晋昌县。……常乐县，……隋于此置常乐镇，武德五年置常乐县也。”（第1028页。）可确证唐武德五年置瓜州，领晋昌、常乐二县。常乐县为晋昌县析置，且晋昌县为旧常乐县之一部，若依《元和郡县图志》记载，迟至武德七年，晋昌县方改常乐县，则武德五年与七年间，同时有两个常乐县，不确。故取武德五年常乐县改为晋昌县。    ]]>  </source-note>  <source-uri>      </source-uri></placename>