<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><placename>  <system>China Historical GIS, Harvard University and Fudan University</system>  <license>CC BY-NC 4.0</license>  <uri>https://chgis.hudci.org/tgaz/placename/hvd_70409</uri> <spellings>    <spelling>      <written-form script="traditional Chinese">開光縣</written-form>      <exonym-lang></exonym-lang>      <attested-by></attested-by>      <note></note>    </spelling>    <spelling>      <written-form script="simplified Chinese">开光县</written-form>      <exonym-lang></exonym-lang>      <attested-by></attested-by>      <note></note>    </spelling>    <spelling>      <transcription system="Pinyin">Kaiguang Xian</transcription>      <exonym-lang></exonym-lang>      <attested-by></attested-by>      <note></note>    </spelling>  </spellings>  <feature-type>    <name>县</name>    <alternate-name>縣</alternate-name>    <transcription>xian</transcription>    <translation lang="en">county</translation>  </feature-type>  <temporal>    <begin>580</begin>    <begin-rule>4</begin-rule>    <end>906</end>    <end-rule>4</end-rule>  </temporal>  <spatial>    <object-type>POINT</object-type>    <xy-type>point</xy-type>    <latitude-direction>N</latitude-direction>    <degrees-latitude>38.31244</degrees-latitude>    <longitude-direction>E</longitude-direction>    <degrees-longitude>110.29741</degrees-longitude>    <geo-source>FROM_FD</geo-source>    <present-location>    </present-location>  </spatial>  <historical-context>    <part-of-relationships>      <part-of parent-id="hvd_115236" from="580" to="582" >        <parent-name>抚宁郡</parent-name>        <transcribed-name>Funing Jun</transcribed-name>      </part-of>      <part-of parent-id="hvd_115160" from="583" to="627" >        <parent-name>雕阴郡</parent-name>        <transcribed-name>Diaoyin Jun</transcribed-name>      </part-of>      <part-of parent-id="hvd_110831" from="628" to="633" >        <parent-name>绥州</parent-name>        <transcribed-name>Sui Zhou</transcribed-name>      </part-of>      <part-of parent-id="hvd_116173" from="634" to="638" >        <parent-name>柘州</parent-name>        <transcribed-name>Zhe Zhou</transcribed-name>      </part-of>      <part-of parent-id="hvd_110832" from="639" to="720" >        <parent-name>银州</parent-name>        <transcribed-name>Yin Zhou</transcribed-name>      </part-of>      <part-of parent-id="hvd_110832" from="721" to="741" >        <parent-name>银州</parent-name>        <transcribed-name>Yin Zhou</transcribed-name>      </part-of>      <part-of parent-id="hvd_116093" from="742" to="757" >        <parent-name>银川郡</parent-name>        <transcribed-name>Yinchuan Jun</transcribed-name>      </part-of>      <part-of parent-id="hvd_116094" from="758" to="906" >        <parent-name>银州</parent-name>        <transcribed-name>Yin Zhou</transcribed-name>      </part-of>    </part-of-relationships>    <subordinate-units><br />
<b>Warning</b>:  Undefined array key "child_sys_id" in <b>/var/www/html/tgaz/placename.php</b> on line <b>566</b><br />
<br />
<b>Warning</b>:  Undefined array key "begin_year" in <b>/var/www/html/tgaz/placename.php</b> on line <b>566</b><br />
<br />
<b>Warning</b>:  Undefined array key "end_year" in <b>/var/www/html/tgaz/placename.php</b> on line <b>566</b><br />
      <subordinate-unit sys-id="" from="" to="" ><br />
<b>Warning</b>:  Undefined array key "child_vn" in <b>/var/www/html/tgaz/placename.php</b> on line <b>567</b><br />
        <name></name><br />
<b>Warning</b>:  Undefined array key "child_tr" in <b>/var/www/html/tgaz/placename.php</b> on line <b>568</b><br />
        <transcribed-name></transcribed-name>      </subordinate-unit>    </subordinate-units>  </historical-context>  <data-source>CHGIS</data-source>  <source-note>    <![CDATA[      开光县（580-906） 

北周大象二年（580）置，属抚宁郡。隋开皇三年属雕阴郡。①唐贞观二年属绥州。八年改属柘州，十三年柘州废，属银州。天宝元年改为银川郡。乾元元年复为银州。②五代末于西夏。至宋时而收复时而末于西夏。③今陕西佳县北上高寨乡有开光峁村。④ 

注：
①《元和郡县图志》卷4?关西道四?银州?开光县：周武帝保定二年于今县理置开光郡，宣帝大象二年废郡，置开光县，属抚宁郡。隋开皇三年罢郡，以县属银州。（中华书局，1983 年，第105 页）
②《旧唐书》卷38?志第十八?地理一?银州：开光，隋县。贞观二年，属绥州。八年，改属柘州。十三年，柘州废，来属银州。（中华书局，1975 年，5 册，1413 页）
③《宋史》卷87?志第四十?地理三?银州：银川郡，银川郡。领儒林、抚宁、真乡、开光四县。五代以来为西夏所有，熙宁三年收复，寻弃不守。元丰四年收复。五年，即永乐小川筑新城，距故银州二十五里，前据银州大川，赐名银川砦，旋被西人陷没。崇宁四年收复，仍为银州。五年，废为银川城。（中华书局，1977 年，7 册，2150 页）
④《嘉庆重修一统志》卷239?榆林府?古迹?开光故城：开光城在建安堡南开荒川，州志在今州北百里。（《四部丛刊续编》，商务印书馆，1934 年，15 册）今陕西佳县北上高寨乡有开光峁村，疑是。    ]]>  </source-note>  <source-uri>      </source-uri></placename>