<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><placename>  <system>China Historical GIS, Harvard University and Fudan University</system>  <license>CC BY-NC 4.0</license>  <uri>https://chgis.hudci.org/tgaz/placename/hvd_70198</uri> <spellings>    <spelling>      <written-form script="traditional Chinese">開成縣</written-form>      <exonym-lang></exonym-lang>      <attested-by></attested-by>      <note></note>    </spelling>    <spelling>      <written-form script="simplified Chinese">开成县</written-form>      <exonym-lang></exonym-lang>      <attested-by></attested-by>      <note></note>    </spelling>    <spelling>      <transcription system="Pinyin">Kaicheng Xian</transcription>      <exonym-lang></exonym-lang>      <attested-by></attested-by>      <note></note>    </spelling>  </spellings>  <feature-type>    <name>县</name>    <alternate-name>縣</alternate-name>    <transcription>xian</transcription>    <translation lang="en">county</translation>  </feature-type>  <temporal>    <begin>1273</begin>    <begin-rule>4</begin-rule>    <end>1467</end>    <end-rule>4</end-rule>  </temporal>  <spatial>    <object-type>POINT</object-type>    <xy-type>point</xy-type>    <latitude-direction>N</latitude-direction>    <degrees-latitude>35.86822</degrees-latitude>    <longitude-direction>E</longitude-direction>    <degrees-longitude>106.17291</degrees-longitude>    <geo-source>FROM_FD</geo-source>    <present-location><br />
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     </present-location>  </spatial>  <historical-context>    <part-of-relationships>      <part-of parent-id="hvd_115671" from="1369" to="1467" >        <parent-name>平凉府</parent-name>        <transcribed-name>Pingliang Fu</transcribed-name>      </part-of>    </part-of-relationships>    <subordinate-units><br />
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      <subordinate-unit sys-id="" from="" to="" ><br />
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        <name></name><br />
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        <transcribed-name></transcribed-name>      </subordinate-unit>    </subordinate-units>  </historical-context>  <data-source>CHGIS</data-source>  <source-note>    <![CDATA[      开成县（1273—1467） 
元至元十年（1273 年）于原州改置开成县，属开成府①。治至三年（1323 年）改属开成州。明洪武二年（1369 年）省州，改属平凉府。明成化三年（1467 年）废。治所在今宁夏固原县西南四十里②。
①《元史》卷60《地理三》陕西开成州条：“元初仍为原州。至元十年，皇子安西王分治秦、蜀，遂立开成府，仍视上都，号为上路。至治三年，降为州。领县一、州一。……县一：开成……”中华书局1976 年版，第1428 页。
②《明史》卷42《地理三》陕西固原州条：“南有开成州，元直隶陕西行省，治开成县。洪武二年省州，以县属平凉府。成化三年废县。”中华书局1974 年版，第1005 页。《读史方舆纪要》卷58《陕西7》平凉府开城（段案：应为“成”）废县条：“州西南四十里。汉安定郡高平县地。唐亦为高平县地，属原州。宋置开远堡，属镇戎军。元置开成路及开成县于此，寻降为州。明初改为县。景泰中议者言开成东北四十里有固原州城，修筑置戍，足以固边折寇。乃命修筑。成化三年，寇破开成，因徙县于固原。弘治中，改置固原州，而以开成县省入焉。”中华书局2005 年版，第2804 页。    ]]>  </source-note>  <source-uri>      </source-uri></placename>