<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><placename>  <system>China Historical GIS, Harvard University and Fudan University</system>  <license>CC BY-NC 4.0</license>  <uri>https://chgis.hudci.org/tgaz/placename/hvd_70087</uri> <spellings>    <spelling>      <written-form script="traditional Chinese">洮州防</written-form>      <exonym-lang></exonym-lang>      <attested-by></attested-by>      <note></note>    </spelling>    <spelling>      <written-form script="simplified Chinese">洮州防</written-form>      <exonym-lang></exonym-lang>      <attested-by></attested-by>      <note></note>    </spelling>    <spelling>      <transcription system="Pinyin">Taozhou Fang</transcription>      <exonym-lang></exonym-lang>      <attested-by></attested-by>      <note></note>    </spelling>  </spellings>  <feature-type>    <name>州</name>    <alternate-name>州</alternate-name>    <transcription>zhou</transcription>    <translation lang="en">region</translation>  </feature-type>  <temporal>    <begin>557</begin>    <begin-rule>4</begin-rule>    <end>560</end>    <end-rule>4</end-rule>  </temporal>  <spatial>    <object-type>POINT</object-type>    <xy-type>point</xy-type>    <latitude-direction>N</latitude-direction>    <degrees-latitude>34.66898</degrees-latitude>    <longitude-direction>E</longitude-direction>    <degrees-longitude>103.54720</degrees-longitude>    <geo-source>FROM_FD</geo-source>    <present-location>    </present-location>  </spatial>  <historical-context>    <part-of-relationships>      <part-of parent-id="hvd_115867" from="557" to="560" >        <parent-name>洮州</parent-name>        <transcribed-name>Tao Zhou</transcribed-name>      </part-of>    </part-of-relationships>    <subordinate-units><br />
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        <transcribed-name></transcribed-name>      </subordinate-unit>    </subordinate-units>  </historical-context>  <data-source>CHGIS</data-source>  <source-note>    <![CDATA[      洮州防（557—560） 

北周明帝元年（557 年），置洮州防。武帝保定元年（561 年）改置洮州①。治所在今甘肃省临潭县东新城乡②。
①《太平寰宇记》卷154《陇右道5》洮州条：“后周明帝元年逐吐谷浑，始得其地，因置洮阳防。武帝保定初立为洮州。其郡城本名洮阳城，在洮水之北，乃吐谷浑所筑，南临洮水，极险，今谓之洪和城是也。隋初州如故，至炀帝废州为郡。唐武徳二年置洮州。贞观五年移州治于洪和城”。《元和郡县图志》卷39《陇右道上》洮州：“后周明帝武成中，西逐诸戎，其地内属，置洮阳防。武帝保定元年立洮州。隋大业三年罢州，改为临洮郡”，中华书局1983 年版，第997 页。
②嘉庆《重修一统志》卷256《巩昌府二》古迹：“洪和故城（今洮州厅治）”。牛平汉：《清代政区沿革综表》， 中国地图出版社1990 年版，第467 页。
甘肃兰州府    ]]>  </source-note>  <source-uri>      </source-uri></placename>