<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><placename>  <system>China Historical GIS, Harvard University and Fudan University</system>  <license>CC BY-NC 4.0</license>  <uri>https://chgis.hudci.org/tgaz/placename/hvd_45427</uri> <spellings>    <spelling>      <written-form script="traditional Chinese">穹賧</written-form>      <exonym-lang></exonym-lang>      <attested-by></attested-by>      <note></note>    </spelling>    <spelling>      <written-form script="simplified Chinese">穹赕</written-form>      <exonym-lang></exonym-lang>      <attested-by></attested-by>      <note></note>    </spelling>    <spelling>      <transcription system="Pinyin">Qiong Tan</transcription>      <exonym-lang></exonym-lang>      <attested-by></attested-by>      <note></note>    </spelling>  </spellings>  <feature-type>    <name>赕</name>    <alternate-name>賧</alternate-name>    <transcription>tan</transcription>    <translation lang="en">chieftanship</translation>  </feature-type>  <temporal>    <begin>738</begin>    <begin-rule>2</begin-rule>    <end>1253</end>    <end-rule>2</end-rule>  </temporal>  <spatial>    <object-type>POINT</object-type>    <xy-type>point</xy-type>    <latitude-direction>N</latitude-direction>    <degrees-latitude>24.94964</degrees-latitude>    <longitude-direction>E</longitude-direction>    <degrees-longitude>98.83850</degrees-longitude>    <geo-source>FROM_AC</geo-source>    <present-location>    </present-location>  </spatial>  <historical-context>    <part-of-relationships>      <part-of parent-id="hvd_80750" from="738" to="962" >        <parent-name>永昌节度</parent-name>        <transcribed-name>Yongchang Jiedu</transcribed-name>      </part-of>      <part-of parent-id="hvd_80750" from="963" to="1253" >        <parent-name>永昌节度</parent-name>        <transcribed-name>Yongchang Jiedu</transcribed-name>      </part-of>    </part-of-relationships>    <subordinate-units><br />
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        <transcribed-name></transcribed-name>      </subordinate-unit>    </subordinate-units>  </historical-context>  <data-source>CHGIS</data-source>  <source-note>    <![CDATA[      穹赕（738－1253年）（陆韧编写）<br><br>唐南诏西部交通线上重镇，属永昌节度，在今保山市怒江坝①。<br><br>①樊绰《云南志》卷二《山川江源第二》记：“高黎共山在永昌西，下临怒江。左右平川，谓之穹赕，汤浪加萌所居也。草木不枯，有瘴气。自永昌之越赕，途径此山，一驿在山之半，一驿在山之巅。朝济怒江登山，暮方到山顶。冬中山上积雪苦寒，秋夏又苦穹赕、汤浪毒暑酷热。河赕贾客在寻传羁离未还者，为之谣曰：‘冬时欲归来，高黎共上雪。秋夏欲归来，无那穹赕热。春时欲归来，平（赵吕甫据《滇载记》改为‘囊’字，是。）中络赂绝。”（木芹《云南志补注》，云南人民出版社，1995年，第20－21页）足见是南诏时西部交通线上的重镇。其位置为高黎贡山下，怒江的左右平川，即今云南保山市西部的怒江坝，今仍以炎热著称。（方国瑜著《中国西南历史地理考释》上册，中华书局，1987年，474页）。唐南诏以后的文献无“穹赕”之称。    ]]>  </source-note>  <source-uri>      </source-uri></placename>