<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><placename>  <system>China Historical GIS, Harvard University and Fudan University</system>  <license>CC BY-NC 4.0</license>  <uri>https://chgis.hudci.org/tgaz/placename/hvd_44698</uri> <spellings>    <spelling>      <written-form script="traditional Chinese">賓化縣</written-form>      <exonym-lang></exonym-lang>      <attested-by></attested-by>      <note></note>    </spelling>    <spelling>      <written-form script="simplified Chinese">宾化县</written-form>      <exonym-lang></exonym-lang>      <attested-by></attested-by>      <note></note>    </spelling>    <spelling>      <transcription system="Pinyin">Binhua Xian</transcription>      <exonym-lang></exonym-lang>      <attested-by></attested-by>      <note></note>    </spelling>  </spellings>  <feature-type>    <name>县</name>    <alternate-name>縣</alternate-name>    <transcription>xian</transcription>    <translation lang="en">county</translation>  </feature-type>  <temporal>    <begin>712</begin>    <begin-rule>4</begin-rule>    <end>1069</end>    <end-rule>4</end-rule>  </temporal>  <spatial>    <object-type>POINT</object-type>    <xy-type>point</xy-type>    <latitude-direction>N</latitude-direction>    <degrees-latitude>29.16835</degrees-latitude>    <longitude-direction>E</longitude-direction>    <degrees-longitude>107.10468</degrees-longitude>    <geo-source>FROM_AC</geo-source>    <present-location><br />
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     </present-location>  </spatial>  <historical-context>    <part-of-relationships>      <part-of parent-id="hvd_111098" from="712" to="741" >        <parent-name>涪州</parent-name>        <transcribed-name>Fu Zhou</transcribed-name>      </part-of>      <part-of parent-id="hvd_111356" from="742" to="757" >        <parent-name>涪陵郡</parent-name>        <transcribed-name>Fuling Jun</transcribed-name>      </part-of>      <part-of parent-id="hvd_111401" from="758" to="760" >        <parent-name>涪州</parent-name>        <transcribed-name>Fu Zhou</transcribed-name>      </part-of>      <part-of parent-id="hvd_111401" from="761" to="1069" >        <parent-name>涪州</parent-name>        <transcribed-name>Fu Zhou</transcribed-name>      </part-of>    </part-of-relationships>    <subordinate-units><br />
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      <subordinate-unit sys-id="" from="" to="" ><br />
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        <name></name><br />
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        <transcribed-name></transcribed-name>      </subordinate-unit>    </subordinate-units>  </historical-context>  <data-source>CHGIS</data-source>  <source-note>    <![CDATA[      宾化县（712—1069年）<br><br>唐先天元年（712年）改隆化县为宾化县，属涪州。①故治即今四川南川县（隆化镇）治。②天宝元年（742年）属涪陵郡。乾元元年（758年）复属涪州。③北宋熙宁三年（1070年）改为隆化寨。④<br><br>注：<br>①《新唐书》卷40《地理志四》：“涪州涪陵郡。武德元年以渝州涪陵镇置。……县五：……宾化，本隆化，贞观十一年置，先天元年更名。”（第5册，1030页）<br>②《清嘉庆一统志》第143册卷388《重庆府二·古迹》：“隆化废县，今南川县治。……旧志：按《元统志》云：嘉熙三年移军治此。元至元二十二年并县入南川，于此置理。自后遂为南川县治。是则今之南川，唐之宾化也。唐之南川，今之綦江也。《明统志》不经详别，致山川古迹混杂不明。今据《元志》改正。”<br>③《舆地纪胜》卷174《夔州路》：“唐置涪州，……改涪陵郡（天宝元年），复为涪州（乾元元年），或隶山南，或隶夔府，或隶黔中，或隶荆南。唐末武泰军徙治涪。”（第5册，4523页）<br>④《舆地纪胜》卷179《夔州路》：南平军“隆化县，……本秦汉巴郡枳县地。唐贞观十一年分置隆化县，以县西永隆山为名，隶涪州。先天初以明皇讳，改为宾化。本朝熙宁三年改为隆化寨。四年改为县。仍隶涪州。九年割隶南平军。《国朝会要》云：熙宁七年自涪州来隶，年月不同，当改。”（第5册，4637页）    ]]>  </source-note>  <source-uri>      </source-uri></placename>