<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><placename>  <system>China Historical GIS, Harvard University and Fudan University</system>  <license>CC BY-NC 4.0</license>  <uri>https://chgis.hudci.org/tgaz/placename/hvd_44593</uri> <spellings>    <spelling>      <written-form script="traditional Chinese">益昌縣</written-form>      <exonym-lang></exonym-lang>      <attested-by></attested-by>      <note></note>    </spelling>    <spelling>      <written-form script="simplified Chinese">益昌县</written-form>      <exonym-lang></exonym-lang>      <attested-by></attested-by>      <note></note>    </spelling>    <spelling>      <transcription system="Pinyin">Yichang Xian</transcription>      <exonym-lang></exonym-lang>      <attested-by></attested-by>      <note></note>    </spelling>  </spellings>  <feature-type>    <name>县</name>    <alternate-name>縣</alternate-name>    <transcription>xian</transcription>    <translation lang="en">county</translation>  </feature-type>  <temporal>    <begin>439</begin>    <begin-rule>1</begin-rule>    <end>553</end>    <end-rule>5</end-rule>  </temporal>  <spatial>    <object-type>POINT</object-type>    <xy-type>point</xy-type>    <latitude-direction>N</latitude-direction>    <degrees-latitude>32.33171</degrees-latitude>    <longitude-direction>E</longitude-direction>    <degrees-longitude>105.70659</degrees-longitude>    <geo-source>FROM_AC</geo-source>    <present-location>    </present-location>  </spatial>  <historical-context>    <part-of-relationships>      <part-of parent-id="hvd_115032" from="439" to="553" >        <parent-name>白水郡</parent-name>        <transcribed-name>Baishui Jun</transcribed-name>      </part-of>    </part-of-relationships>    <subordinate-units><br />
<b>Warning</b>:  Undefined array key "child_sys_id" in <b>/var/www/html/tgaz/placename.php</b> on line <b>566</b><br />
<br />
<b>Warning</b>:  Undefined array key "begin_year" in <b>/var/www/html/tgaz/placename.php</b> on line <b>566</b><br />
<br />
<b>Warning</b>:  Undefined array key "end_year" in <b>/var/www/html/tgaz/placename.php</b> on line <b>566</b><br />
      <subordinate-unit sys-id="" from="" to="" ><br />
<b>Warning</b>:  Undefined array key "child_vn" in <b>/var/www/html/tgaz/placename.php</b> on line <b>567</b><br />
        <name></name><br />
<b>Warning</b>:  Undefined array key "child_tr" in <b>/var/www/html/tgaz/placename.php</b> on line <b>568</b><br />
        <transcribed-name></transcribed-name>      </subordinate-unit>    </subordinate-units>  </historical-context>  <data-source>CHGIS</data-source>  <source-note>    <![CDATA[      益昌县（439—553年）<br><br>南朝宋元嘉十六年（439年）置，属白水郡。南齐因之。①故治即今四川广元市西南昭化。②西魏废帝三年（554年）改名京兆县。③<br><br>注：<br>①《宋书》卷37《州郡志三》：“白水太守，《永初郡国》、何并无。徐志仇池氐流寓立。有汉昌县。今领县六：……益昌。”（第4册，1152页）《南齐书》卷15《州郡志下》：“白水郡，……益昌。”（第1册，291页）《清嘉庆一统志》第144册，卷391《保宁府二·古迹》：“按宋齐二志，白水郡皆领益昌县，而魏志南白水郡领京兆县。盖宋分晋寿置益昌，魏改益昌为京兆耳。《旧唐志》得之，犹未甚悉。《寰宇记》谓本岐坪县，误。”宋分置益昌县于何年无考。今姑作元嘉十六年（439年）置。<br>②《清嘉庆一统志》第144册，卷391《保宁府二·古迹》：“益昌故城，今昭化县治。”<br>1959年并昭化入广元。<br>③《魏书》卷106下《地形志下》：“南白水郡领县二，始平、京兆。”（第7册，2615页）据《清统志》考证，魏改益昌为京兆。《周书》卷2《文帝纪下》：“废帝二年……八月克成都，剑南平。……三年春正月，……又改置州郡及县，……凡改州四十六，置州一，改郡一百六，改县二百三十。”（第1册，34页）改名当在西魏废帝三年（554年）。    ]]>  </source-note>  <source-uri>      </source-uri></placename>