<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><placename>  <system>China Historical GIS, Harvard University and Fudan University</system>  <license>CC BY-NC 4.0</license>  <uri>https://chgis.hudci.org/tgaz/placename/hvd_44510</uri> <spellings>    <spelling>      <written-form script="traditional Chinese">開州</written-form>      <exonym-lang></exonym-lang>      <attested-by></attested-by>      <note></note>    </spelling>    <spelling>      <written-form script="simplified Chinese">开州</written-form>      <exonym-lang></exonym-lang>      <attested-by></attested-by>      <note></note>    </spelling>    <spelling>      <transcription system="Pinyin">Kai Zhou</transcription>      <exonym-lang></exonym-lang>      <attested-by></attested-by>      <note></note>    </spelling>  </spellings>  <feature-type>    <name>州</name>    <alternate-name>州</alternate-name>    <transcription>zhou</transcription>    <translation lang="en">prefecture</translation>  </feature-type>  <temporal>    <begin>1285</begin>    <begin-rule>4</begin-rule>    <end>1372</end>    <end-rule>5</end-rule>  </temporal>  <spatial>    <object-type>POINT</object-type>    <xy-type>point</xy-type>    <latitude-direction>N</latitude-direction>    <degrees-latitude>31.18791</degrees-latitude>    <longitude-direction>E</longitude-direction>    <degrees-longitude>108.41950</degrees-longitude>    <geo-source>FROM_AC</geo-source>    <present-location><br />
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     </present-location>  </spatial>  <historical-context>    <part-of-relationships>      <part-of parent-id="hvd_87833" from="1285" to="1285" >        <parent-name>开州</parent-name>        <transcribed-name>Kai Zhou</transcribed-name>      </part-of>      <part-of parent-id="hvd_96647" from="1285" to="1370" >        <parent-name>夔州路</parent-name>        <transcribed-name>Kuizhou Lu</transcribed-name>      </part-of>      <part-of parent-id="hvd_96647" from="1286" to="1370" >        <parent-name>夔州路</parent-name>        <transcribed-name>Kuizhou Lu</transcribed-name>      </part-of>      <part-of parent-id="hvd_115587" from="1371" to="1372" >        <parent-name>陇州</parent-name>        <transcribed-name>Long Zhou</transcribed-name>      </part-of>      <part-of parent-id="hvd_87833" from="1371" to="1372" >        <parent-name>开州</parent-name>        <transcribed-name>Kai Zhou</transcribed-name>      </part-of>    </part-of-relationships>    <subordinate-units><br />
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      <subordinate-unit sys-id="" from="" to="" ><br />
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        <name></name><br />
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        <transcribed-name></transcribed-name>      </subordinate-unit>    </subordinate-units>  </historical-context>  <data-source>CHGIS</data-source>  <source-note>    <![CDATA[      开州（1285—1372年）<br><br>元至元二十二年（1285年）省开州郭下开江县入州，属夔州路。①故治即今重庆市开县治。②明洪武六年（1373年）降为县。③④<br><br>注：<br>①《元史》卷60《地理志三》：“夔路……至元十五年立夔州路总管府，以施、云安、万、大宁四州隶焉。二十二年又以开、达、梁山三州来属。……开州，唐改为盛山郡，又复为开州。宋及元皆因之。”（第5册，1443—45页）何时开江县省入州，不详。按例均在直隶州改散州时省郭下县入州，今姑定至元二十二年（1285年）。<br>②《清嘉庆一统志》第146册，卷398《夔州府二·古迹》：“开江故城，在开县东一里。《华阳国志》：巴东汉丰县，建安二十一年置。在郡西北彭溪源。《寰宇记》：蜀先主于今县南二里置汉丰县。……后周武帝改汉丰为永宁。隋开皇十八年改盛山。唐武德元年移于今理。广德元年改为开江。”<br>③《明史》卷43《地理志四》：“夔州府……开，府西。元开州。洪武六年八月置，九月降为县。”（第4册，1030页）    ]]>  </source-note>  <source-uri>      </source-uri></placename>