<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><placename>  <system>China Historical GIS, Harvard University and Fudan University</system>  <license>CC BY-NC 4.0</license>  <uri>https://chgis.hudci.org/tgaz/placename/hvd_44382</uri> <spellings>    <spelling>      <written-form script="traditional Chinese">管城縣</written-form>      <exonym-lang></exonym-lang>      <attested-by></attested-by>      <note></note>    </spelling>    <spelling>      <written-form script="simplified Chinese">管城县</written-form>      <exonym-lang></exonym-lang>      <attested-by></attested-by>      <note></note>    </spelling>    <spelling>      <transcription system="Pinyin">Guancheng Xian</transcription>      <exonym-lang></exonym-lang>      <attested-by></attested-by>      <note></note>    </spelling>  </spellings>  <feature-type>    <name>县</name>    <alternate-name>縣</alternate-name>    <transcription>xian</transcription>    <translation lang="en">county</translation>  </feature-type>  <temporal>    <begin>1238</begin>    <begin-rule>4</begin-rule>    <end>1367</end>    <end-rule>3</end-rule>  </temporal>  <spatial>    <object-type>POINT</object-type>    <xy-type>point</xy-type>    <latitude-direction>N</latitude-direction>    <degrees-latitude>34.75808</degrees-latitude>    <longitude-direction>E</longitude-direction>    <degrees-longitude>113.64131</degrees-longitude>    <geo-source>FROM_AC</geo-source>    <present-location><br />
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     </present-location>  </spatial>  <historical-context>    <part-of-relationships>      <part-of parent-id="hvd_116189" from="1238" to="1367" >        <parent-name>郑州</parent-name>        <transcribed-name>Zheng Zhou</transcribed-name>      </part-of>    </part-of-relationships>    <subordinate-units><br />
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      <subordinate-unit sys-id="" from="" to="" ><br />
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        <name></name><br />
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        <transcribed-name></transcribed-name>      </subordinate-unit>    </subordinate-units>  </historical-context>  <data-source>CHGIS</data-source>  <source-note>    <![CDATA[      管城县（1238--约1367年）<br><br>蒙古太宗十年（1238年）复改故市县为管城，郑州治（1）。约明洪武元年（1368年）省入郑州（2）。即今河南郑州市（3）。<br><br>注：<br>（1）《金史》卷25《地理志中》：南京路郑州管城“贞祐四年更名故市。”（北京，中华书局，1975年，2册，597页）赵万里校辑《元一统志》卷3：河南江北等处行中书省汴梁路管城县“金贞祐二年于此囚爱王，改县为洧州。又作故市县。至国朝戊戍岁复立郑州”（北京，中华书局，1966年，上册，226页）按：戊戍岁即蒙古太宗（窝阔台）十年。<br>（2）《明史》卷42《地理志三》：开封府郑州，洪武初，以州治管城县省入。（北京，中华书局，1974年，4册，981页）各志未见具体年代，当作洪武元年。<br>（3）《清嘉庆一统志》卷187《开封府二·古迹》：管州故城“即今郑州治。”（商务印书馆，1934年，《四部丛刊续编》69册）    ]]>  </source-note>  <source-uri>      </source-uri></placename>