<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><placename>  <system>China Historical GIS, Harvard University and Fudan University</system>  <license>CC BY-NC 4.0</license>  <uri>https://chgis.hudci.org/tgaz/placename/hvd_41867</uri> <spellings>    <spelling>      <written-form script="traditional Chinese">常寧縣</written-form>      <exonym-lang></exonym-lang>      <attested-by></attested-by>      <note></note>    </spelling>    <spelling>      <written-form script="simplified Chinese">常宁县</written-form>      <exonym-lang></exonym-lang>      <attested-by></attested-by>      <note></note>    </spelling>    <spelling>      <transcription system="Pinyin">Changning Xian</transcription>      <exonym-lang></exonym-lang>      <attested-by></attested-by>      <note></note>    </spelling>  </spellings>  <feature-type>    <name>县</name>    <alternate-name>縣</alternate-name>    <transcription>xian</transcription>    <translation lang="en">county</translation>  </feature-type>  <temporal>    <begin>502</begin>    <begin-rule>0</begin-rule>    <end>556</end>    <end-rule>0</end-rule>  </temporal>  <spatial>    <object-type>POINT</object-type>    <xy-type>point</xy-type>    <latitude-direction>N</latitude-direction>    <degrees-latitude>26.29651</degrees-latitude>    <longitude-direction>E</longitude-direction>    <degrees-longitude>112.33918</degrees-longitude>    <geo-source>FROM_FD</geo-source>    <present-location><br />
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     </present-location>  </spatial>  <historical-context>    <part-of-relationships>      <part-of parent-id="hvd_32862" from="502" to="556" >        <parent-name>湘东郡</parent-name>        <transcribed-name>Xiangdong Jun</transcribed-name>      </part-of>    </part-of-relationships>    <subordinate-units><br />
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      <subordinate-unit sys-id="" from="" to="" ><br />
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        <name></name><br />
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        <transcribed-name></transcribed-name>      </subordinate-unit>    </subordinate-units>  </historical-context>  <data-source>CHGIS</data-source>  <source-note>    <![CDATA[      <html><body>常宁县（502-556年）治所（傅林祥编写）<br><br>南朝梁由新宁县改名。⑴治所在三洞口（今湖南常宁县驻地宜阳镇南车田乡羊山村）。⑵属湘东郡。南朝陈复名新宁县。⑶<br><br>⑴《读史方舆纪要》卷80《湖广六》：“晋及宋齐皆因之。梁改曰常宁。陈复旧。”（北京，中华书局，4册，3448页）<br>洪齮孙，《补梁疆域志》卷3：“常宁，本新宁。沈《志》：吴立。《方舆纪要》：梁改。”（北京，中华书局，《二十五史补编》，第4册，4419页。）<br>按：暂作南朝梁天监元年（502年）置。<br>⑵晋?刘昫：《旧唐书》卷40《地理三》：“旧治三洞，神龙二年，移治麻州。”（北京，中华书局，1975年，第5册，第1613页）<br>《湖南省志》第2卷《地理志（修订本）》第二篇《沿革》：“新宁旧治在今治南30里三洞口。唐神龙二年（公元706年），迁治今治西40里麻州。开元九年（公元721年），又迁今治西北3里宜江。（见《旧唐书?地理志》及同治《常宁县志》）元末始迁今治。（见《读史方舆纪要》卷80，湖广7）”（湖南人民出版社，上册，585页）<br>⑶臧励和，《补陈疆域志》卷3：“新宁，《宋志》：吴立。《唐志》：吴分耒阳立。《方舆纪要》：梁改新宁曰常宁，陈复旧。”（北京，中华书局，《二十五史补编》，第4册，4463页。）<br>按：暂作陈永定元年（557年）改名。</body></html>    ]]>  </source-note>  <source-uri>      </source-uri></placename>