<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><placename>  <system>China Historical GIS, Harvard University and Fudan University</system>  <license>CC BY-NC 4.0</license>  <uri>https://chgis.hudci.org/tgaz/placename/hvd_32880</uri> <spellings>    <spelling>      <written-form script="traditional Chinese">朗州</written-form>      <exonym-lang></exonym-lang>      <attested-by></attested-by>      <note></note>    </spelling>    <spelling>      <written-form script="simplified Chinese">朗州</written-form>      <exonym-lang></exonym-lang>      <attested-by></attested-by>      <note></note>    </spelling>    <spelling>      <transcription system="Pinyin">Lang Zhou</transcription>      <exonym-lang></exonym-lang>      <attested-by></attested-by>      <note></note>    </spelling>  </spellings>  <feature-type>    <name>州</name>    <alternate-name>州</alternate-name>    <transcription>zhou</transcription>    <translation lang="en">prefecture</translation>  </feature-type>  <temporal>    <begin>758</begin>    <begin-rule>4</begin-rule>    <end>1011</end>    <end-rule>4</end-rule>  </temporal>  <spatial>    <object-type>POINT</object-type>    <xy-type>point</xy-type>    <latitude-direction>N</latitude-direction>    <degrees-latitude>29.03481</degrees-latitude>    <longitude-direction>E</longitude-direction>    <degrees-longitude>111.69130</degrees-longitude>    <geo-source>FROM_AC</geo-source>    <present-location><br />
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     </present-location>  </spatial>  <historical-context>    <part-of-relationships>      <part-of parent-id="hvd_30238" from="758" to="758" >        <parent-name>荆南节度使</parent-name>        <transcribed-name>Jingnan Jiedus</transcribed-name>      </part-of>      <part-of parent-id="hvd_30239" from="759" to="759" >        <parent-name>澧朗溆都团练使</parent-name>        <transcribed-name>Lilangdutuanli</transcribed-name>      </part-of>      <part-of parent-id="hvd_30238" from="760" to="831" >        <parent-name>荆南节度使</parent-name>        <transcribed-name>Jingnan Jiedus</transcribed-name>      </part-of>      <part-of parent-id="hvd_30240" from="832" to="837" >        <parent-name>荆南都团练观察使</parent-name>        <transcribed-name>Jingnan Dutuan</transcribed-name>      </part-of>      <part-of parent-id="hvd_30241" from="838" to="897" >        <parent-name>荆南节度使</parent-name>        <transcribed-name>Jingnan Jiedus</transcribed-name>      </part-of>      <part-of parent-id="hvd_30242" from="898" to="907" >        <parent-name>武贞军节度使</parent-name>        <transcribed-name>Wuzhenjun Jied</transcribed-name>      </part-of>      <part-of parent-id="hvd_30243" from="908" to="921" >        <parent-name>永顺军节度使</parent-name>        <transcribed-name>Yongshunjun Ji</transcribed-name>      </part-of>      <part-of parent-id="hvd_30244" from="922" to="922" >        <parent-name>武顺军节度使</parent-name>        <transcribed-name>Wushunjun Jied</transcribed-name>      </part-of>      <part-of parent-id="hvd_30245" from="923" to="930" >        <parent-name>武贞军节度使</parent-name>        <transcribed-name>Wuzhenjun Jied</transcribed-name>      </part-of>      <part-of parent-id="hvd_30246" from="931" to="962" >        <parent-name>武平军节度使</parent-name>        <transcribed-name>Wupingjun Jiedushi</transcribed-name>      </part-of>      <part-of parent-id="hvd_30171" from="979" to="984" >        <parent-name>荆湖北路</parent-name>        <transcribed-name>Jinghubei Lu</transcribed-name>      </part-of>      <part-of parent-id="hvd_30172" from="985" to="998" >        <parent-name>荆湖路</parent-name>        <transcribed-name>Jinghu Lu</transcribed-name>      </part-of>      <part-of parent-id="hvd_30174" from="999" to="1011" >        <parent-name>荆湖北路</parent-name>        <transcribed-name>Jinghubei Lu</transcribed-name>      </part-of>    </part-of-relationships>    <subordinate-units><br />
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      <subordinate-unit sys-id="" from="" to="" ><br />
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        <name></name><br />
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        <transcribed-name></transcribed-name>      </subordinate-unit>    </subordinate-units>  </historical-context>  <data-source>CHGIS</data-source>  <source-note>    <![CDATA[      <html><body>朗州（758-1011年）治所<br><br>唐乾元元年（758）复改武陵郡置。⑴治武陵县（今湖南常德市城区）。辖武陵、龙阳两县。五代地属楚，后属周行蓬。⑵马氏割据时，桥江、湘阴两县来属，辖境扩大。其后辖境有变化，但治所未变。宋大中祥符五年（1012），避圣祖讳，改名鼎州。⑶<br><br>⑴晋·刘昫：《旧唐书》卷40《地理三》：“天宝元年，改为武陵郡。乾元元年，复为朗州。天宝初，割属山南东道。”（北京，中华书局，1975年，第5册，第1615页）<br>⑵北宋·欧阳修：《新五代史》卷60《职方考》；中华书局，1974年校点本，第3册，第733页。<br>⑶元·脱脱：《宋史》卷88《地理四》：“常德府，本鼎州，武陵郡，常德军节度。乾德二年，降为团练。本朗州。大中祥符五年，改今名。”（中华书局，1977年校点本，第7册，第2194页）<br>《续资治通鉴长编》卷79：大中祥符五年十一月壬子，“改朗州为鼎州”。<br>《方舆胜览》卷30《湖北路》：“国朝祥符，避圣祖讳，改鼎州。”（上海古籍出版社，《宋本方舆胜览》，第291页）</body></html>    ]]>  </source-note>  <source-uri>      </source-uri></placename>