<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><placename>  <system>China Historical GIS, Harvard University and Fudan University</system>  <license>CC BY-NC 4.0</license>  <uri>https://chgis.hudci.org/tgaz/placename/hvd_24236</uri> <spellings>    <spelling>      <written-form script="traditional Chinese">下沙鎮</written-form>      <exonym-lang></exonym-lang>      <attested-by></attested-by>      <note></note>    </spelling>    <spelling>      <written-form script="simplified Chinese">下沙镇</written-form>      <exonym-lang></exonym-lang>      <attested-by></attested-by>      <note></note>    </spelling>    <spelling>      <transcription system="Pinyin">Xiashazhen</transcription>      <exonym-lang></exonym-lang>      <attested-by></attested-by>      <note></note>    </spelling>  </spellings>  <feature-type>    <name>村镇</name>    <alternate-name>村鎮</alternate-name>    <transcription>cun zhen</transcription>    <translation lang="en">villages and small towns</translation>  </feature-type>  <temporal>    <begin>1820</begin>    <begin-rule>9</begin-rule>    <end>1820</end>    <end-rule>9</end-rule>  </temporal>  <spatial>    <object-type>POINT</object-type>    <xy-type>point</xy-type>    <latitude-direction>N</latitude-direction>    <degrees-latitude>31.06070</degrees-latitude>    <longitude-direction>E</longitude-direction>    <degrees-longitude>121.58464</degrees-longitude>    <geo-source>FROM_AC</geo-source>    <present-location>    </present-location>  </spatial>  <historical-context>    <part-of-relationships>      <part-of parent-id="hvd_40480" from="1820" to="1820" >        <parent-name>南汇县</parent-name>        <transcribed-name>Nanhui Xian</transcribed-name>      </part-of>    </part-of-relationships>    <subordinate-units><br />
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        <transcribed-name></transcribed-name>      </subordinate-unit>    </subordinate-units>  </historical-context>  <data-source>CHGIS</data-source>  <source-note>    <![CDATA[      <html><body>下沙镇（1820年）<br><br>即今上海市南汇县下沙镇。一作下砂、鹤沙，约南宋建炎初形成聚落，⑴属华亭县。元至元二十八年（1291）属上海县，⑵清雍正二年（1724）属南汇县，至今不变。⑶<br><br>⑴明陈威、喻时修，顾清纂：正德《松江府志》卷9《镇市》：“下沙镇在十九保，一名鹤沙，俗传县居上洋，镇峙南而近海，故名，即丞相吴潜侍父诗书之地。镇多巧工，拨罗绒纹绣及木梳、交椅之类，皆精制，他郡所不及云。”（明正德七年（1512）刻本，上海书店，《天一阁藏明代方志选刊续编》，479页）<br>⑵明郭经修、唐锦纂：弘治《上海志》卷2《镇市》：“下砂镇（称鹤沙）在十九保，去县东南六十里，县居北之上洋，镇峙南而岸海，故名。旧置盐课司于此，后司迁于新场镇而盐仓则自周浦徙居之，今亦废矣。唯人物丛聚，未减于昔。宋吴潜侍父下砂读书，即其地也。”（1937年上海市通志馆影印明弘治本，19页）<br>⑶清金福曾、顾思贤修，张文虎等纂：光绪《南汇县志》卷1《镇市》：“下沙镇邑西北三十六里，相传地曾产鹤，方顶绿足龟文，故又名鹤沙。宋丞相吴潜侍父读书处。元设盐课司，明初迁新场。……今既式微，市亦迥不如前。”（清光绪五年（1879）刻本，1927年重印本，12页）<br>上海市南汇县县志编纂委员会编《南汇县志》第二编《建置》：“乡政府所在地下沙镇又名鹤沙镇，是本县古集镇之一。相传这一带原为盛产鹤的鹤窠村所在地，宋沈括所著《梦溪笔谈》中称此地：‘鹤唯鹤窠村所在为得地，余皆凡格’，鹤沙之名因此而得。”（上海人民出版社，1992年，96页）</body></html>    ]]>  </source-note>  <source-uri>      </source-uri></placename>