{
  "system" : "China Historical GIS, Harvard University and Fudan University",
  "license" : "CC BY-NC 4.0",
  "uri" : "https://chgis.hudci.org/tgaz/placename/hvd_82346",
  "sys_id" : "hvd_82346",
  "sys_id of alternate" : "",
  "spellings" : [
    {
      "written form" : "靈昌縣",
      "script" : "traditional Chinese",
      "exonym language" : "",
      "attested by" : "",
      "note" : ""
    },
    {
      "written form" : "灵昌县",
      "script" : "simplified Chinese",
      "exonym language" : "",
      "attested by" : "",
      "note" : ""
    },
    {
      "written form" : "Lingchang Xian",
      "transcribed in" : "Pinyin",
      "attested by" : "",
      "note" : ""
    }
  ],
  "feature_type" : {
    "name" : "县",
    "alternate name" : "縣",
    "transcription" : "xian",
    "English" : "county"
  },
  "temporal" : {
    "begin" : "596",
    "begin rule" : "4",
    "end" : "923",
    "end rule" : "4"
  },
  "spatial" : {
    "object_type" : "POINT",
    "xy_type" : "point",
    "latitude" : "35.39708",
    "longitude" : "114.43450",
    "source" : "FROM_FD",
    "present_location" : [
      {
        "country code" : "cn",
        "text" : "今河南滑县西南20公里零河",
        "source" : "Fudan",
        "attestation" : ""
      }
    ]
  },
  "historical_context" : {
    "part of" : [
      {
        "begin year" : "596",
        "end year" : "596",
        "parent id" : "hvd_113097",
        "name" : "汴州",
        "transcribed" : "Bian Zhou"
      },
      {
        "begin year" : "597",
        "end year" : "605",
        "parent id" : "hvd_110042",
        "name" : "滑州",
        "transcribed" : "Hua Zhou"
      },
      {
        "begin year" : "606",
        "end year" : "606",
        "parent id" : "hvd_110106",
        "name" : "兖州",
        "transcribed" : "Yan Zhou"
      },
      {
        "begin year" : "607",
        "end year" : "617",
        "parent id" : "hvd_110194",
        "name" : "东郡",
        "transcribed" : "Dong Jun"
      },
      {
        "begin year" : "618",
        "end year" : "741",
        "parent id" : "hvd_110959",
        "name" : "滑州",
        "transcribed" : "Hua Zhou"
      },
      {
        "begin year" : "742",
        "end year" : "757",
        "parent id" : "hvd_111287",
        "name" : "灵昌郡",
        "transcribed" : "Lingchang Jun"
      },
      {
        "begin year" : "758",
        "end year" : "760",
        "parent id" : "hvd_111392",
        "name" : "滑州",
        "transcribed" : "Hua Zhou"
      },
      {
        "begin year" : "761",
        "end year" : "923",
        "parent id" : "hvd_111392",
        "name" : "滑州",
        "transcribed" : "Hua Zhou"
      }
    ],
    "subordinate units" : [
    ],
    "preceded by" : [
    ]
  },
  "data source" : "CHGIS",
  "source note" : "灵昌县        596—923年           今河南滑县西南20公里零河  
  隋开皇十六年（596年）置，属汴州，属（596）滑州，大业二年（606年）属兖州，三年（607年）属东郡（1）。唐武德元年（618年）属滑州，天宝元年（742年）属灵昌郡，乾元元年（758年）又属滑州（2）。五代后唐同光二年（924年）改名灵河（3）。治今河南滑县西南20公里零河（4）

注：
（1）《隋书》卷30《地理志中》：东郡，开皇九年置杞州，十六年改为滑州，大业二年为兖州。灵昌，开皇十六年置。（北京，中华书局，1973年，3册，843页）按：大业三年改州为郡。
（2）《旧唐书》卷38《地理志一》：滑州，武德元年改为滑州，天宝元年，改为灵昌郡，乾元元年，复为滑州。领韦城。（北京，中华书局，1975年，5册，1436页）
（3）《太平寰宇记》卷9《河南道九》。北京，中华书局，2007年，1册，164页。
（4）《清嘉庆一统志》卷200《卫辉府二?古迹》：灵昌废县，在滑县西南。（《四部丛刊续编》73册，商务印书馆，1934年）同治《滑县志》卷12《古迹》：灵河县，在县南四十里灵河村。（线装本，欧阳书院）《河南省地名词典》：滑县，零河，在道口镇西南20公里；隋灵昌县，后名灵河集，又讹作今名。（北京，商务印书馆，1993年，188页）",
  "source uri" : ""
}