{
  "system" : "China Historical GIS, Harvard University and Fudan University",
  "license" : "CC BY-NC 4.0",
  "uri" : "https://chgis.hudci.org/tgaz/placename/hvd_34060",
  "sys_id" : "hvd_34060",
  "sys_id of alternate" : "",
  "spellings" : [
    {
      "written form" : "竇州",
      "script" : "traditional Chinese",
      "exonym language" : "",
      "attested by" : "",
      "note" : ""
    },
    {
      "written form" : "窦州",
      "script" : "simplified Chinese",
      "exonym language" : "",
      "attested by" : "",
      "note" : ""
    },
    {
      "written form" : "Dou Zhou",
      "transcribed in" : "Pinyin",
      "attested by" : "",
      "note" : ""
    }
  ],
  "feature_type" : {
    "name" : "州",
    "alternate name" : "州",
    "transcription" : "zhou",
    "English" : "prefecture"
  },
  "temporal" : {
    "begin" : "758",
    "begin rule" : "4",
    "end" : "1003",
    "end rule" : "4"
  },
  "spatial" : {
    "object_type" : "POINT",
    "xy_type" : "point",
    "latitude" : "22.20830",
    "longitude" : "110.87321",
    "source" : "FROM_AC",
    "present_location" : [
      {
        "country code" : "cn",
        "text" : "广东省信谊县南镇隆镇",
        "source" : "Fudan",
        "attestation" : ""
      }
    ]
  },
  "historical_context" : {
    "part of" : [
      {
        "begin year" : "758",
        "end year" : "758",
        "parent id" : "hvd_30200",
        "name" : "容管经略使",
        "transcribed" : "Rongguan Jingl"
      },
      {
        "begin year" : "759",
        "end year" : "759",
        "parent id" : "hvd_30201",
        "name" : "容州经略都防御使",
        "transcribed" : "Rongzhou Jingl"
      },
      {
        "begin year" : "760",
        "end year" : "765",
        "parent id" : "hvd_30202",
        "name" : "容管观察使",
        "transcribed" : "Rongguan Guanc"
      },
      {
        "begin year" : "766",
        "end year" : "812",
        "parent id" : "hvd_30203",
        "name" : "容管经略使",
        "transcribed" : "Rongguan Jingl"
      },
      {
        "begin year" : "813",
        "end year" : "894",
        "parent id" : "hvd_30204",
        "name" : "容管经略使",
        "transcribed" : "Rongguan Jingl"
      },
      {
        "begin year" : "895",
        "end year" : "896",
        "parent id" : "hvd_30205",
        "name" : "容管观察使",
        "transcribed" : "Rongguan Guanc"
      },
      {
        "begin year" : "897",
        "end year" : "939",
        "parent id" : "hvd_30206",
        "name" : "宁远军节度使",
        "transcribed" : "Ningyuanjun Ji"
      },
      {
        "begin year" : "971",
        "end year" : "987",
        "parent id" : "hvd_30180",
        "name" : "岭南路",
        "transcribed" : "Lingnan Lu"
      },
      {
        "begin year" : "988",
        "end year" : "1003",
        "parent id" : "hvd_30182",
        "name" : "广南西路",
        "transcribed" : "Guangnanxi Lu"
      }
    ],
    "subordinate units" : [
      {
        "begin_year" : "758",
        "end_year" : "975",
        "child id" : "hvd_42401",
        "name" : "信义县",
        "transcribed" : "Xinyi Xian"
      },
      {
        "begin_year" : "976",
        "end_year" : "1003",
        "child id" : "hvd_42402",
        "name" : "信宜县",
        "transcribed" : "Xinyi Xian"
      },
      {
        "begin_year" : "971",
        "end_year" : "972",
        "child id" : "hvd_44185",
        "name" : "岑溪县",
        "transcribed" : "Cenxi Xian"
      },
      {
        "begin_year" : "758",
        "end_year" : "973",
        "child id" : "hvd_42400",
        "name" : "怀德县",
        "transcribed" : "Huaide Xian"
      },
      {
        "begin_year" : "971",
        "end_year" : "972",
        "child id" : "hvd_44191",
        "name" : "永业县",
        "transcribed" : "Yongye Xian"
      },
      {
        "begin_year" : "758",
        "end_year" : "973",
        "child id" : "hvd_42403",
        "name" : "潭峨县",
        "transcribed" : "Tane Xian"
      },
      {
        "begin_year" : "758",
        "end_year" : "973",
        "child id" : "hvd_42404",
        "name" : "特亮县",
        "transcribed" : "Teliang Xian"
      },
      {
        "begin_year" : "971",
        "end_year" : "972",
        "child id" : "hvd_44192",
        "name" : "连城县",
        "transcribed" : "Liancheng Xian"
      }
    ],
    "preceded by" : [
      {
        "preceded by id" : "hvd_34120",
        "name" : "怀德郡",
        "transcribed" : "Huaide Jun"
      }
    ]
  },
  "data source" : "CHGIS",
  "source note" : "<html><body>窦州（758-1003年）治所和界线<br><br>唐乾元元年（758年），以怀德郡更名，属岭南道（1）。领信义，怀德，潭峨，特亮四县。州治信义县，治所即今广东省信谊县南镇隆镇。宋开宝七年（974年）并谭峨、怀德、特亮三县入信义，太平兴国元年（978年）改信义为信宜。辖境相当今广东省信宜县蚊子坑、凤凰岭、怀乡街、湘垌、石人顶、坑尾一线以西南地区和高州县古丁以东北地区（2）。景德元年（1004年）废高州，以茂名、电白二县来属，移州治茂名县（3）。<br><br>————————————————————<br>（1），《旧唐书》卷41?岭南道?窦州：“隋永熙郡怀德县。武德四年，置南扶州及五县。以獠反寄泷州。贞观元年废，以所管县并属泷州。二年，獠平，复置南扶州，自泷州还其故县。五年复废，县隶泷州。六年复置，以故县来属。其年，改南扶州为窦州。天宝元年，改怀德郡。乾元元年，复为窦州。旧领县五，天宝领县四：信义，武德四年析怀德县置信义县，仍置南扶州。贞观中改为窦州。怀德，本属泷州，后来属也。潭峨，武德四年分信义县置也。特亮，武德四年分信义置也。”（北京，中华书局，1975年，5册，1723-1724页）。<br>《唐书》卷43上?地理7：“窦州怀德郡。本南扶州，武德四年以永熙郡之怀德县置。以獠叛，侨治泷州，后徙治信义。贞观元年州废，以县隶泷州。二年复置，五年又废，以县隶泷州。六年复置，八年更名。县四：信义，武德四年置，并析置潭峨县，五年又析置特亮县。怀德。潭峨。特亮。”（北京，中华书局，1975年，4册，1110页）。<br>（2），所领信义，怀德，潭峨，特亮四县故址：信义县治所即今广东省信谊县南镇隆镇，怀德县治所即今广东省信谊县，特亮县治所即今广东省信宜县西北金垌镇潭峨县治所即今广东省信宜县镇隆镇西北旧县村。据此并参考宣统元年《广东舆地全图》，辖境相当今广东省信宜县蚊子坑、凤凰岭、怀乡街、湘垌、石人顶、坑尾一线以西南地区和高州县古丁以东北地区。<br>（3），《宋史》卷90?地理六?广南西路?高州，高凉郡：“开宝五年，废良德县。景德元年，并入窦州，移治茂名。三年，复置，以二县还隶。县三：电白；信谊，唐信仪县，太平兴国初改信宜，熙宁四年废窦州，以信宜县来隶；茂名，开宝五年，自潘州来隶。”（北京，中华书局，1977年，7册，2244页）。<br>《舆地纪胜》卷117?广南西路?高州?信宜县：“在州北五十六里。《图经》云：本苍梧郡地，武德四年置信义、谭峨二县，立南扶州。贞观元年州废，以县隶泷州，六年改县为窦州。皇朝开宝四年平岭南，十年（开宝仅有八年，十年疑为七年之刻误）并谭峨、怀德、特亮三县入信义，太平兴国元年易义为宜。景德元年废高州，以电白来属，三年复置高州，熙宁四年废窦州为信宜，入高州。”（北京，中华书局，1992年，4册，3432页）。开宝仅有八年，十年或为七年之误。</body></html>",
  "source uri" : ""
}