{
"system" : "China Historical GIS, Harvard University and Fudan University",
"license" : "CC BY-NC 4.0",
"uri" : "https://chgis.hudci.org/tgaz/placename/hvd_30252",
"sys_id" : "hvd_30252",
"sys_id of alternate" : "",
"spellings" : [
{
"written form" : "荊州",
"script" : "traditional Chinese",
"exonym language" : "",
"attested by" : "",
"note" : ""
},
{
"written form" : "荆州",
"script" : "simplified Chinese",
"exonym language" : "",
"attested by" : "",
"note" : ""
},
{
"written form" : "Jing Zhou",
"transcribed in" : "Pinyin",
"attested by" : "",
"note" : ""
}
],
"feature_type" : {
"name" : "州",
"alternate name" : "州",
"transcription" : "zhou",
"English" : "region"
},
"temporal" : {
"begin" : "188",
"begin rule" : "4",
"end" : "189",
"end rule" : "4"
},
"spatial" : {
"object_type" : "POINT",
"xy_type" : "point",
"latitude" : "29.11698",
"longitude" : "111.89574",
"source" : "FROM_AC",
"present_location" : [
{
"country code" : "cn",
"text" : "湖南常德市东北",
"source" : "Fudan",
"attestation" : ""
}
]
},
"historical_context" : {
"part of" : [
{
"begin year" : "188",
"end year" : "189",
"parent id" : "hvd_113654",
"name" : "东汉",
"transcribed" : "Donghan"
}
],
"subordinate units" : [
{
"begin_year" : "188",
"end_year" : "189",
"child id" : "hvd_32836",
"name" : "桂阳郡",
"transcribed" : "Guiyang Jun"
},
{
"begin_year" : "188",
"end_year" : "189",
"child id" : "hvd_32875",
"name" : "武陵郡",
"transcribed" : "Wuling Jun"
},
{
"begin_year" : "188",
"end_year" : "189",
"child id" : "hvd_32819",
"name" : "长沙郡",
"transcribed" : "Changsha Jun"
},
{
"begin_year" : "188",
"end_year" : "189",
"child id" : "hvd_32886",
"name" : "零陵郡",
"transcribed" : "Lingling Jun"
}
],
"preceded by" : [
]
},
"data source" : "CHGIS",
"source note" : "荆州（188年——189年）治所
东汉中平五年（188年）置。治汉寿（今湖南常德市东北）。领有零陵、桂阳、武陵、长沙等郡。（1）初平元年（190年）徙治襄阳（今湖北襄樊市襄阳城）。（2）
注：
（1）《后汉书》志第22《郡国志四》荆州领有南阳郡、南郡、江夏郡、零陵郡、桂阳郡、武陵郡、长沙郡。（北京，中华书局，1965年，12册，3476——3485页）按：东汉继承西汉旧制，实行郡（国）县二级制。但到了东汉末年，为了镇压黄巾起义，才将郡国之上作为监察区的州转变为一级政区。据《后汉书》卷75《刘焉传》：“焉以州刺史威轻，既不能禁，且用非其人，辄增暴乱，乃建议改置牧伯，镇安方夏。”于是朝廷派中央高级官员——九卿，“皆以本秩居职。州任之重，自此而始。”又卷8《孝灵帝纪》中平五年（188年）“是岁，改刺史，新置牧。”（9册，2431、356页）《后汉书》志第22《郡国志四》荆州武陵郡汉寿：“故索，阳嘉三年更名，刺史治。”（12册，3484页）按：故作中平五年置荆州。治汉寿（今湖南常德市东北）。领有零陵郡、桂阳郡、武陵郡、长沙郡等。
（2）《资治通鉴》卷59《汉纪五十一》初平元年（190年）：刘表为荆州刺史，蒯越曰：“兵集众附，南据江陵，北守襄阳，荆州八郡可传檄而定。”表诱杀宗贼帅，“遂徙治襄阳（今湖北襄樊市襄阳城），镇抚郡县，江南悉平。”（北京，中华书局，1956年，5册，1914页）",
"source uri" : ""
}