{
  "system" : "China Historical GIS, Harvard University and Fudan University",
  "license" : "CC BY-NC 4.0",
  "uri" : "https://chgis.hudci.org/tgaz/placename/hvd_24233",
  "sys_id" : "hvd_24233",
  "sys_id of alternate" : "",
  "spellings" : [
    {
      "written form" : "章練塘",
      "script" : "traditional Chinese",
      "exonym language" : "",
      "attested by" : "",
      "note" : ""
    },
    {
      "written form" : "章练塘",
      "script" : "simplified Chinese",
      "exonym language" : "",
      "attested by" : "",
      "note" : ""
    },
    {
      "written form" : "Zhangliantang",
      "transcribed in" : "Pinyin",
      "attested by" : "",
      "note" : ""
    }
  ],
  "feature_type" : {
    "name" : "村镇",
    "alternate name" : "村鎮",
    "transcription" : "cun zhen",
    "English" : "villages and small towns"
  },
  "temporal" : {
    "begin" : "1820",
    "begin rule" : "9",
    "end" : "1820",
    "end rule" : "9"
  },
  "spatial" : {
    "object_type" : "POINT",
    "xy_type" : "point",
    "latitude" : "31.00759",
    "longitude" : "121.04224",
    "source" : "FROM_AC",
    "present_location" : [
      {
        "country code" : "cn",
        "text" : "",
        "source" : "Fudan",
        "attestation" : ""
      }
    ]
  },
  "historical_context" : {
    "part of" : [
      {
        "begin year" : "1820",
        "end year" : "1820",
        "parent id" : "hvd_40504",
        "name" : "青浦县",
        "transcribed" : "Qingpu Xian"
      }
    ],
    "subordinate units" : [
    ],
    "preceded by" : [
    ]
  },
  "data source" : "CHGIS",
  "source note" : "<html><body>章练塘（1820年）<br><br>在今上海市青浦县西南练塘镇。清康熙初形成市镇，⑴分属青浦、长洲、吴江三县。⑵清宣统二年（1910）全属青浦县，⑶1945年起简化为练塘镇。⑷<br><br>⑴初见于清康熙《松江府志》。暂以清康熙元年（1662）为集市形成之年。<br>⑵清倪师孟等纂：乾隆《吴江县志》卷4《镇市》：“庄练塘镇在二十九都，去县治东九十里，与长洲、青浦合辖。民居稠密，百货具备。其居吴江者，今几千家。”（清乾隆十二年刻本，石印重印本，16页）<br>⑶于定修、金咏榴等纂：《青浦县续志》卷1《沿革》：“青浦由华亭、上海两县析地所置，已详前志。宣统元年颁布府厅州县自治章程，有改正插花之令。二年，苏省地方自治筹备处通饬各属将斗入插花等地绘图列表，详请核准实行厘正。于是章练塘镇人邹铨上书筹备处，以章练塘地属元和、吴江两邑，而四周皆青境壤地，插花不便行政，请以其地并青。当道韪之，檄元、江、青三县会勘，将元邑属地二十八都辖图十一、江邑属地十二都（一作二十九都）辖图一、二十九都辖图二（实只一图有半，详后自治区域）割隶青浦。”（1934年刊本，1页）<br>⑷据上海市青浦县县志编纂委员会编《青浦县志》第二篇《建置》，汪伪时期置有七区（章练塘），1945年抗战胜利后所置各乡镇中有练塘镇（上海人民出版社，1990年，78页）。据此，以1945年为章练塘地名简化之年。</body></html>",
  "source uri" : ""
}